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/ m9 ~4 [: ?1 [Cancer 2011 Jan 15;117(2):414-20. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25423. Epub 2010 Sep 9.
) q% ~6 x* \0 W0 F2 ]) s- XGamma knife radiosurgery for brain metastasis of nonsmall cell lung cancer: is there a difference in outcome between morning and afternoon treatment?
/ D f+ n9 k* ~, jRahn DA 3rd, Ray DK, Schlesinger DJ, Steiner L, Sheehan JP, O'Quigley JM, Rich T.
! c5 w; i3 t4 Z) D( \5 g9 o& pSourceDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.* w. F& t. I4 H9 ~1 o
. u M2 l# o9 M$ d0 G6 B4 IAbstract& u2 `1 W8 u- W e. X) s+ Y6 k
BACKGROUND: Circadian cell-cycle progression causes fluctuating radiosensitivity in many tissues, which could affect clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether outcomes of single-session gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) differ based on treatment time.: m" s/ Q- x+ J, e9 Y4 @
* u. [( y: C u( z0 W! W/ m( |METHODS: Fifty-eight patients received GKRS between 10:00 am and 12:30 pm and 39 patients received GKRS between 12:30 pm and 3:00 pm. The mean peripheral dose was 18.6 Gy. The mean tumor size was 7.3 cm³. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to score local control at 3 months. Cause of death (COD) was categorized as central nervous system (CNS)-related or systemic.7 a% P0 ]9 ~8 f# J7 |+ P1 s
i# z8 k3 u6 I; {) a6 |RESULTS: Demographic and disease characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. Local control at 3 months was achieved in 97% (35/36) of patients who underwent GKRS early in the day versus 67% (8/12) of patients who underwent GKRS later in the day (chi-square, P = .014). Early GKRS was associated with better survival (median 9.5 months) than late GKRS (median 5 months) (Kaplan-Meier log-rank test, P = .025). Factors contributing to better survival in a Cox regression model included early treatment time (P = .004) and recursive partition analysis class (P < .001). Cause of death in the early treatment group was CNS-related in 6% (3/47) of patients versus 24% (8/34) of patients in the late treatment group (chi-square test, P = .026).
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CONCLUSIONS: GKRS for metastatic NSCLC had better local control, better survival, and a lower rate of CNS-related cause of death when given earlier in the day versus later in the day. These retrospective data should encourage future study in brain radiosurgery and non-CNS stereotactic body radiotherapy series.) _* r, v8 a5 c% C* o9 l
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